1. ABSTRACT The “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016” (IBC), has emerged as a radical change in field of law in India’s business entities restructuring. In the origin of a sequence they are issued as debt instruments but must later be converted into equity shares. In the ongoing circumstances the CCDs are considered ambiguous instruments playing …
FACTS. [1]The Case arose out of discrepancies before the Hon’ble Supreme Court faced by enormous real estate developers, including [2]m/s Newtech Promoters and Developers Pvt. Ltd. The [3]Real Estate (Regulation and Development ) Act, 2016, was introduced to regulate the real estate sector and specifically to protect the interests of homebuyers. The appeals challenged the …
M/S NEWTECH PROMOTERS AND DEVELOPERS PVT. LTD. V. STATE OF UP & ORS. (2021) Read More »
Abstract The Article below is research on the contrast of the emergence, scope and use of the concept of judicial review in the United States of America, France and India. The judicial review is a critical factor in democratic government. The individuality of a judicial system to decide whether the activities of the legislative and …
Abstract The threat of cyber terrorism against public organizations displays a diverse range of threats through data theft and infrastructure ruin alongside service disruption attacks, malicious software lockups and digital deceitful dissemination operations and information theft operations. The main targets of cyber terrorist attacks include government departments, military institutions, law enforcement agencies, healthcare services, educational …
Abstract Digital platforms have witnessed unprecedented transformation over the years and now become a necessity for people to interact and share information. Gone are the days of simply connecting over the phone; they are now connected through various social media sites, forums on the internet, blogs, and instant messaging services. This connectivity has the advantage …
Cyber Harassment and Defamation Against Women: Legal Challenges Read More »
Prabhanshu Kushwah, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior. Abstract The expansion of India’s internet, digital platforms and Internet of Things (IOT) has contributed to a significant increase in online scams and cyber frauds. As more and more people are using online financial and communication tools, and online shopping, fraudsters are …
Radhika Bohare, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Dr. Arun Sharma, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Abstract The acceleration of the digital technologies has promoted the issue of the data privacy and safety to a high level, especially among the IT corporations that handle great …
Khushi Jain, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Arun Sharma, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Abstract: – Digital technology and the internet have revolutionized the creation, sharing and access to IP in today’s society. Each of these advances has occurred in a period when the …
AI IN IP INFRINGMENT DETECTION & PREVENTION: LEGAL & ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE Read More »
ABSTRACTRecognizing privacy as a fundamental right in K.S. Puttaswamy, the Supreme Court, the DPDP Act aims to be the primary regulation governing digital personal data in India. Union of India (published in 2017). This work is a constitutional analysis of the DPDP Act, an overview of the evolution of privacy law in India, an explanation …
THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY ANALYSIS Read More »
Aakansha Sharma, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Arun Sharma, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Abstract: – International arbitration is one of the preferred methods of dispute resolution in today’s international economy in resolving cross-border commercial disputes. International trade, investment and business transactions have progressed …
_____________________________________________________________ Abstract In the wake of the advent of artificial intelligence, this paper analyzes the legal terrain of intellectual property in India. In India, generally, a registered inventor or author can only be a natural person. However, with the increasing autonomy of AI, ownership and patentability issues arise. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a …
Somya Rajawat, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh,, Gwalior, somyarajawat30@gmail.com Hemant Singh, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, hemantsingh.nlu@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-5187 Abstract This paper discusses the question of cartelization in the Competition Act, 2002, and the role and powers of Competition Commission of India (CCI). The purpose of …
ABSTRACT: The swift digitalization of the marine sector has exposed it to previously unheard-of cyberthreats that jeopardize the security, safety, and functionality of ports and ships. Cyber events have the power to halt international trade, from ransomware assaults and GPS spoofing to the interruption of port logistics. The international legal system is still undeveloped and …
A Critical Examination of the Legal Framework and Protective Institutions in India I. INTRODUCTION The custodial environment represents one of the most critical tests of a democratic state’s fidelity to its own foundational values. When the state deprives an individual of liberty through arrest, remand, or a sentence of imprisonment, it assumes a relationship of …
HUMAN RIGHTS IN CUSTODY: INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR OVERSIGHT Read More »
ABSTRACT: The primary objective of ‘Law’ is to maintain Peace, harmony, and social order. The ancient Greek philosopher, also known as the first Academician, Aristotle wisely stated, “Man, when perfected, is the best of animals.” He also noted that, humans could become the worst of creatures without law and justice. When combined with intelligence and …
Roza KhanMaster’s in Law, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya PradeshDr. Vartika Saxena Assistant Professor (Department of Law), Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh ABSTRACT- Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes, especially hybrid methods, are becoming increasingly popular because of the growing complexity of commercial disputes and the need for efficient resolution. Among these hybrid methods, …
FACTS – ISSUE – The appellant ANVERSINH impugns the judgment pronounced by the High Court of Gujarat dated 28-7-2009 , by which his conviction under section 64 of BNS 2023 was overturned ,but the charge of kidnapping under section 137 & 87 of BNS 2023 Was upheld and consequential sentence of imprisonment of 5 …
ANVERSINH@ KIRANSINH FATESINH ZALA V THE STATE OF GUJARAT SC 2021 Read More »
Abstract Historically, the Mitakshara school of Hindu law recognised only male lineal descendants as coparceners, not including daughters from claiming an independent birth right in ancestral property. The Hindu Succession Act, 1956, initially preserved this patriarchal framework. However, the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, changed this gender inequality by amending Section 6 of Hindu …
ABSTRACT Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) remains one of the most pervasive and devastating consequences of armed conflicts worldwide. It encompasses acts such as rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, and other forms of sexualized abuse deliberately used as tools of war. While international and domestic legal frameworks have made progress in recognizing CRSV as a war …
1. ABSTRACT The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has ushered in a new and complex era of digital threats, with deepfakes emerging as a particularly potent and legally challenging weapon. Deepfakes, which are altered fake contents made by mixing, superimposing, replacing, and merging several photos, videos, or …
ABSTRACT India is changing fast, with all this digital stuff taking over everything from business to how the government works to even daily chats. Programs like Digital India have pushed things along, plus more people getting internet and using Aadhaar for everything, and then there’s UPI making payments super quick. It seems like India is …
NEED FOR THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT 2.0: TO TACKLE TECH-DRIVEN INDIA Read More »
JANHIT ABHIYAN V. UNION OF INDIA 1. FACTS A constitutional challenge to the Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019 which added Articles 15(6)[1], The Janhit Abhiyan v. Union of India[2] case came about because of articles 15(6) and 16(6) of the Constitution of India. The Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of citizens, which are …
Abstract The Indian legal system has mainly neglected to acknowledge the copyright rights of authors who are detained, despite the fact that intellectual creativity does not recognise the bounds of a prison cell. This study examines the protection provided by the Copyright Act of 1957 and related legal documents for literary and artistic works created …
ABSTRACT: The swift digitalization of the marine sector has exposed it to previously unheard-of cyberthreats that jeopardize the security, safety, and functionality of ports and ships. Cyber events have the power to halt international trade, from ransomware assaults and GPS spoofing to the interruption of port logistics. The international legal system is still undeveloped and …
A Critical Examination of the Legal Framework and Protective Institutions in India I. INTRODUCTION The custodial environment represents one of the most critical tests of a democratic state’s fidelity to its own foundational values. When the state deprives an individual of liberty through arrest, remand, or a sentence of imprisonment, it assumes a relationship of …
HUMAN RIGHTS IN CUSTODY: INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR OVERSIGHT Read More »
ABSTRACT: The primary objective of ‘Law’ is to maintain Peace, harmony, and social order. The ancient Greek philosopher, also known as the first Academician, Aristotle wisely stated, “Man, when perfected, is the best of animals.” He also noted that, humans could become the worst of creatures without law and justice. When combined with intelligence and …
State of Tamil Nadu vs Governor of Tamil Nadu and Anr 2025 insc 481 Facts The case of State of Tamil Nadu vs Governor of Tamil Nadu arose from a constitutional deadlock concerning the Governor’s inaction on several bills passed by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. These bills, dealing with key areas such …
Case Comment: State of Tamil Nadu vs Governor of Tamil Nadu and Anr (2025) Read More »
ABSTRACT This paper examines the phenomenon of false confessions during juvenile interrogations and highlights the critical role that forensic psychology plays in understanding and preventing such miscarriages of justice. Juveniles—due to their psychological immaturity and underdeveloped prefrontal cortex—are particularly susceptible to coercive interrogation tactics and psychological pressure. By analyzing real-life cases such as those …
False Confession in Juvenile Interrogation: Role of Forensic Psychology Read More »
Abstract In the present paper, the effectiveness of India’s CSR framework as stipulated under section 135 of the Companies Act of 2013 is evaluated and analysed to see if it amounts to mandatory philanthropy or a means of strategic business. Starting with an overview of the evolution of the CSR concept in India, the paper …
Corporate Social Responsibility Regulation: A Comparative Study with Reference to India Read More »
1. FACTS Byju’s, an ed-tech company, was the official sponsor of the Indian cricket team under an agreement with the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). The sponsorship deal, valued at millions of dollars, required Byju’s to make scheduled payments to BCCI. However, due to financial difficulties and restructuring issues, Byju’s allegedly defaulted …
ABSTRACT The Supreme Court of India’s suo moto intervention concerning stray dogs in Delhi, NCR, and other urban centers has triggered one of the most debated issues in animal law, public health, and urban governance. Initiated following the tragic death of a six-year-old girl from rabies,[1] The Court initially ordered the removal of all stray …
PAWS-ITIVELY PROGRESSIVE: THE STRAY DOGS NOW OFFICIALLY INDIA’S MOST PAMPERED CITIZENS.. Read More »
ANALYSIS OF THE DRAFT EIA NOTIFICATION 2020 Abstract: This paper discusses the recently proposed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) draft notification issued by the Government of India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Climate change as a challenge presents a responsibility issue to countries, which means they should not only say but prove that climate change mitigation is …
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) IN INDIA: A CRITICAL Read More »
INTRODUCTION The Delhi High Court has issued orders to protect [1]the personality rights of celebrities and public figures from unauthorized commercial use. These individuals sought legal action against the misuse of their names, photos, and AI-generated content. The court has granted interim injunctions and John Doe orders to remove unauthorized content and prevent misuse of …
ABSTRACT Judicial delays constitute the crisis of India’s judiciary; its roots can be traced to the constitutional ideals of justice. Over 5.49 crores litigations clog the Indian courts infringing the right to speedy justice under Article 21 and further dividing the society, expanding public scepticism in the judiciary. For this doctrinal thesis, secondary data has …
Judicial Delays and Case Management in India: Why Procedural Reforms Have Failed Read More »
(2022) 1 HCC (Kar) 20[1] FACTS In the case above, the Hindu biological parents and Muslim adoptive parents entered in to an unregistered agreement stating that once the child is born, the adoptive parents would be raising the child as per their agreement, although the agreement specified no money as consideration between the parties. The …
____________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Emergency Arbitration (EA) has been a central tool of international commercial dispute resolution as a means to provide urgent interim relief prior to constitution of the arbitral tribunal. Institutional rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC), International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) contain express recognition of …
Citation: 2019 (16) SCALE 40, 2019 SCC OnLine SC 1459 Name of the Appellant: Central Public Information Officer, Supreme Court of India. Name of the respondent: Subhash Chandra Agarwal Name of the court: Supreme Court of India Bench: Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi, Justice N.V. Ramana, Justice Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, Justice Deepak Gupta and Justice Sanjiv …
Central Public Information Officer, Supreme Court of India V. Subhash Chandra Agarwal Read More »
Case Title: All India Judges Association and Others v. Union of India and Others Court: Supreme Court of India Citation: Writ Petition (C) No. 1022 of 1989 Bench: B.R. Gavai (CJI), Augustine George Masih (J), K. Vinod Chandran (J) Date of Judgement: 20th May 2025 INTRODUCTION This judgement marked a pivotal moment in Judicial reform …
INTRODUCTION Arrest and bail form the backbone of criminal procedure, yet they remain among the most misused aspects of the Indian criminal justice system. Despite constitutional guarantees and statutory safeguards, arrest is often treated as a routine step rather than an exception. Bail, instead of being a rule, frequently becomes a privilege that is difficult …
Satender Kumar Antil v. Central Bureau of Investigation(2022) 10 SCC 51 Read More »
Facts of the Case: On November 16, 2005, the marriage between the Appellant (Neha Tyagi) and the Respondent (Deepak Tyagi) was solemnised following all the Hindu rites and customs. The marriage was said to be consummated during their short stay at Kolkata. The couple was blessed with a son, Pranav Tyagi, on February 23, 2008. …
Neha Tyagi Vs. Lieutenant Colonel Deepak Tyagi (2022) 3 SCC 86 Read More »
ABSTRACT Prisoner rehabilitation is foundational to modern penology, premised on the belief that incarceration should not only punish but prepare offenders for reintegration into society. In India, constitutional values of human dignity and transformation underpin rehabilitative justice, yet the lived reality of prisoners reflects a system fraught with challenges — overcrowding, inadequate post-release support, stigma, …
(POCSO) Act, 2012 ABSTRACT Child sexual abuse is a grave concern and the most unnreported forms of violence in India. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act is a legislative framework that tries to protect children from abuse. It is fair to both boys and girls that comes under the purview of a child[1]. …
The Efficacy of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Read More »
Among the co-sureties in a Contract, the doctrine of contribution stands as a unique departure from the strict rules of Privity of Contracts. Instead, firmly anchoring itself in the principles of equity and natural justice. Section 146 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, aptly serves as the statutory embodiment codifying this very principle, holding that …
ABSTRACT The increasing use of algorithmic and artificial intelligence based systems in governance, welfare distribution, employment, finance, and law enforcement has transformed decision-making processes in India. While these technologies are often promoted as efficient, neutral, and objective, they frequently replicate and intensify existing social inequalities embedded within historical data and institutional practices. This phenomenon, commonly …
ABSTRACT The tension between patent protection and public health remains central to global health governance. While pharmaceutical patents incentivize innovation, they often create monopolies that restrict access to essential medicines, particularly in developing countries. This research adopts a doctrinal and comparative legal approach to examine how international frameworks, national laws, and judicial decisions reconcile intellectual …
Citation: 2024 INSC 113 Judgement date: 15 February 2024 Bench (5‑Judge Constitution Bench): D. Y. Chandrachud (then Chief Justice), Sanjiv Khanna, B. R. Gavai, J. B. Pardiwala and Manoj Misra, JJ. Facts The Ministry of Finance, on 2nd January 2018, notified the Electoral Bond Scheme under section 31(3) of the RBI Act, 1934[1]. Electoral bonds are bearer banking …
Abstract The global fashion industry today draws inspiration from traditional ethnic motifs, indigenous craftmanship thereby blurring the boundary between cultural heritage and commercial haute couture. Though this creative exchange brings worldwide visibility to the handcrafted designs, many times it also leads to widespread cultural misappropriation, commercial plagiarism and economic exploitation of artisans. This paper examines …
Citation: State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh, 2024 INSC 562 (India) FACTS The case arose from Punjab’s effort to ensure equitable distribution of reservation benefits within the Scheduled Castes category.[1] In 1975, Punjab issued an administrative circular reserving 50% of SC vacancies for Balmikis and Mazhabi Sikhs, communities identified as more disadvantaged within the SC …
CASE COMMENT: STATE OF PUNJAB & OTHERS v. DAVINDER SINGH & OTHERS (2024) Read More »
abstract The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has precipitated a fundamental challenge to traditional patent law frameworks, particularly regarding the inventor requirement. This research article examines the legal status of AI-generated inventions under Indian patent law, focusing on whether AI systems can be recognized as inventors under the Patents Act, 1970. Through doctrinal analysis and …
Abstract India’s tort law system is heavily influenced by the concepts of strict and absolute liability, especially when it comes to consumer safety and industrial operations. Strict responsibility, which dates back to the English decision Rylands v. Fletcher (1868), makes people or organizations liable for harm brought on by risky conduct regardless of fault. Nonetheless, …
Abstract India is home to around 2.82 crores orphaned children which is one of the largest numbers of vulnerable children needing protection in the world. Despite broad constitutional protection and a plethora of Children’s statutes, children continue to face abuses, neglect and denial of fundamental rights. This article will focus on the challenges with the …
SILENCE IN LAW: PROTECTION OF ORPHANS’ RIGHTS IN INDIA – A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS Read More »
Abstract Reverse mergers have become a noteworthy instrument in corporate restructuring, offering an alternative route to public listing that bypasses the conventional initial public offering (IPO) process. In a reverse merger, a private operating company merges into or takes control of an already-listed public shell company, allowing the private concern to acquire a public listing …
REVERSE MERGERS: A LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CASE STUDIES Read More »
Citation – Civil Appeal No. 2382 of 2025, Supreme Court of India (Apr. 21, 2025) FACTS:- Issues Raised APPELLANT’S CONTENTIONS (ELECTROSTEEL STEEL LTD.) The Appellant contended that the High Court erred in holding that the claim of Ispat Carrier had not been settled. In reality, the claim was fully addressed under the NCLT-approved resolution plan …
ELECTROSTEEL STEEL LTD. V. ISPAT CARRIER PVT. LTD. Read More »
ABSTRACT Social media is an indispensable part of modern life, particularly for minors, who utilize these platforms for self-expression, education, and social interaction. However, the risks posed by unregulated access, including cyberbullying, data exploitation, online grooming, and exposure to harmful content, have led governments to explore regulatory measures such as social media bans for minors. …
CHILD PROTECTION VS. DIGITAL FREEDOM: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA BANS FOR MINORS Read More »
Jurisdiction:Supreme Court of India Citation:Transfer Petition (Civil) No. 278 of 2023Decided on: 19 December 2024 Bench:Justice B.V. Nagarathna and Justice N.K. Singh Area of Law:Family Law – Divorce, Transfer of Proceedings, Misuse of Criminal Provisions Statutes Involved: FACTS ISSUES RAISED CONTENTION Petitioner’s Side (Rinku Baheti) Respondent’s Side (Sandesh Sharda) RATIONALE The Supreme Court decided to …
Abstract Reverse mergers have become a noteworthy instrument in corporate restructuring, offering an alternative route to public listing that bypasses the conventional initial public offering (IPO) process. In a reverse merger, a private operating company merges into or takes control of an already-listed public shell company, allowing the private concern to acquire a public listing …
REVERSE MERGERS: A LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CASE STUDIES Read More »
INTRODUCTION In the recent milestone judgment in the case of Sukdeb Saha v. State of Andhra Pradesh[1], decided on 25 July 2025, the Supreme Court has made a revolutionary disclosure by expressly recognizing mental health as a part of the constitutional right to life under Article 21. The case had arisen out of the suicide …
Sukdeb Saha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (2025 INSC 893) Read More »
Abstract Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies like ChatGPT, MidJourney, and DALL•E have changed how we think about creativity and copyright. According to the Indian Copyright Act of 1957, only humans can be seen as authors, leaving works created by AI in a confusing legal situation. Around the world, people are discussing whether copyright should belong …
The Ghost in the Machine: Copyright Ownership of AI-Generated Works Read More »
ABSTRACT The rapid growth of online gaming in India has generated significant economic opportunities and social concerns. In 2023–2025, the policy debate crystallized around whether real-money online games (RMGs) should be regulated, taxed, or prohibited entirely. In 2025 the Union legislative response culminated in the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025, which seeks …
FACTS The case arose by way of a Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No. 3543 of 2020 filed by Paramvir Singh Saini. The petitioner raised issues regarding the installation and status of CCTV cameras in police stations across States and Union Territories, and the need for audio-video recording of statements under Section 161(3) of the Code …
Abstract: Property law in India, and throughout the world, continues to be one of the most confusing arenas of legal practice, with the largest number of pending cases. Adverse possession is one such doctrine, and it remains a highly debated and controversial aspect of property law. Adverse Possession allows individuals to acquire legal ownership of …
Adverse Possession: Evolution and the ethical conflict between ownership and possession. Read More »
ABSTRACT Mental disorder is now one of the main problems of the modern world. Although it is commonly elusive, misunderstood and even stigmatized in the social and legal context. In the Indian context the matter of mental health is closely linked to law, justice and human rights especially with respect to accused or those undergoing …
CONFINEMENT OR CARE? POST–ACQUITTED OFFENDERS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS Read More »
Abstract The Uttarkashi floods, exemplified by the devastation of Dharali village near Gangotri, highlight the growing vulnerability of Himalayan ecosystems to both natural forces and human-induced pressures. While intense monsoon rainfall triggered the disaster, its magnitude was amplified by unregulated construction on riverbeds, large-scale deforestation, and poorly planned infrastructure projects within the Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Zone …
Abstract The Uttarkashi floods, exemplified by the devastation of Dharali village near Gangotri, highlight the growing vulnerability of Himalayan ecosystems to both natural forces and human-induced pressures. While intense monsoon rainfall triggered the disaster, its magnitude was amplified by unregulated construction on riverbeds, large-scale deforestation, and poorly planned infrastructure projects within the Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Zone …