AbstractOne of the most significant features of India’s Constitution is the independence of its judicial system; judges should be free from external influence while deciding cases involving individual citizens. During the development of the Constitution by its architects, they had prior experience with the separation of powers between the administrative branch of government and the …
The increasing use of complex corporate structures has raised significant questions about the extent to which parent companies should be held legally responsible for their subsidiary’s acts. The principle of a separate legal entity generally treats a parent company and its subsidiary as distinct legal persons, thereby protecting the parent company from liability for the …
ABSTRACT The ultimate aim of the criminal justice system is to protect the innocent and punish the guilty. However, in our country and around the world, there have been instances where the system has failed. It has often led to wrongful convictions and imprisonment of many innocent individuals. Even after they are declared innocent, many …
Abstract The Central Information Commission was established under the Right to Information Act, 2005 as the apex decision making body to safe guard the citizen’s Fundamental Right to access information held by public authorities[1]. The efficiency of this transparency regime depend critically on the timely, transparent, and independent appointment of the Chief Information Commissioner and …
ABSTRACT The regulation of intermediary liability has become an important legal issue in India’s digital landscape. Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 offers safe harbour protection to intermediaries. This shields them from liability for third-party content as long as they meet due diligence requirements. However, the rise of misinformation, cybercrime, hate speech, and …
Authored by: ANNAPURNA DASBrainware University, Barasat________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The debate surrounding the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India remains one of the most legally complex and politically sensitive discourses within constitutional law. Envisaged under Article 44 of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Constitution of India, the UCC mandates that …
UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND PERSONAL LAWS: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Read More »
Authored by: ROSHAN GUPTAShri. Swami Dayal Bhatnagar Law College,Chaudhary Charan Singh University__________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The enactment of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) marks a historic re-engineering of India’s criminal evidentiary paradigm, replacing the antiquated Indian Evidence Act, 1872. With crime shifting exponentially into digital ecosystems, the new legislation directly challenges traditional concepts of physical documentation …
Abstract This paper addresses the problem of the current conflict between the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) as a part of informational privacy and the principles of Freedom of Speech and Open Justice. As court archives go more digital, those acquitted, discharged or involved in private family matters are suffering constant reputational damage from simple …
Abstract A comparative study helps us to understand the problem of stray dogs it lead to major challenge in India where it has being taken as a crucial debate, animal welfare and public safety which is the priority of the government should provide it. The major problem is increasing number of dogs in India where …
Public Safety and Animal Welfare: Legal Accountability for Dog Bite Cases in India Read More »
ABSTRACT The new legal strata where executives new to law can be held personally liable for the illegal content posted by their users on their platforms. Until now, global legal regimes shielded the tech CEOs. The US has its Section 230 of US Communications Decency Act and EU has e-Commerce Directive. With the arrests of …
SHOULD TECH CEOS BE ARRESTED FOR WHAT USERS POST? Read More »
ABSTRACT Events like avian flu and the Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala have constantly put veterinarians on the frontline for detecting diseases, but the legal system continues to view veterinary negligence as a strictly personal matter. In India, such cases are largely regulated under the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and tort laws, …
The “One Health” Legal Framework: Veterinary Medical Negligence and Pandemic Defence Read More »
Transitioning from Moral Aspiration to Enforceable Precept Abstract In India, taking care of family members at home is usually seen as just a “natural duty” or something you do out of love, instead of real, recognized work. This way of thinking causes big problems for the financial security and respect of the people doing this …
Caregiving, Maintenance, and Family Support under a Prospective Uniform Civil Code: Read More »
Sayed Sanaullah Shah Law student at Institute of Law Metharam, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan Sayedsanaullahshah05@gmail.com A comparative analysis of constitutional reviews in Pakistan, India and UK, including a legal and doctrinal approach has been conducted in this research. It examines how every jurisdiction works out the tension between legislative power, judicial control, supremacy of …
CROSS-BORDER SURROGACY: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN THE MODERN ERA ABSTRACT Cross-border surrogacy has emerged as a significant consequence of advancements in assisted reproductive technologies and increasing globalization advancements. It involves surrogacy arrangements in which the intended parents and surrogate mother belong to different countries, giving rise to complex legal and ethical concerns. This paper …
RESEARCH PAPER CROSS-BORDER SURROGACY: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN THE MODERN ERA Read More »
Abstract The growth of digital platforms, has now transformed the relationship between the corporations, individuals and the state. Big techs or companies like Meta, Google, and Amazon etc. have an immense influence over the public, information and the personal data. This control over the digital infrastructure has raised constitutional concerns upon privacy, equality, freedom of …
TITLE – “DIGITAL CONSTITUTIONALISM: REGULATING BIG TECH THROUGH FRs” Read More »
I. ABSTRACT The emergence of generative artificial intelligence has transformed the unauthorized exploitation of an individual’s name, voice, image, and likeness from an occasional legal wrong into a widespread and easily replicable concern. In response to this growing challenge, Indian High Courts have increasingly relied on ex parte injunctions to protect the personality rights of …
ABSTRACT Influencer marketing has transformed how people make purchasing decisions. Initially, what began with bloggers giving product recommendations in their YouTube videos has now turned into an economy where trust is the real currency, but also the main risk involved. The essay aims to analyse the risks involved for consumers when they engage with influencer …
Abstract: India’s digital public sphere is changing how we discuss politics, culture, and society and at the centre of this transformation is meme, a highly viral, visual combination of irony & text. While memes can serve as effective tools for social commentary, they can also be abused for targeted harassment which can cause serious damage …
Abstract India has experienced phenomenal growth in e-commerce in recent years, coinciding with a rise in unethical interface designs, commonly known as “dark patterns,” which exploit consumer vulnerabilities and erode their ability to provide informed consent. This paper explores how dark patterns are utilized and regulated in India, their impact on the consumers and the …
Dark Patterns in E-Commerce Platforms: Are Consumers Adequately Protected? Read More »
Tracing the Regulatory Evolution Towards a Faster, Wider and More Predictable Restructuring Regime ABSTRACT India’s start-ups culture is scaling at a fast rate where in 2025, more than 1.5 lakh DPIIT recognized start-ups have been recorded with more than 70 unicorns emerging. The start-ups in India are governed by Companies Act, Competition Act, SEB regulations, …
Fast Track Merger Reform Under Section 233 of Companies Act,2023; Read More »
1.ABSTRACT The diaspora of intimate relationships in India is witnessing a noticeable worthy change , with a growing number of individuals opting for live-in relationships, particularly within urban centres. The way Indian family law is changing, Marriage is still very important to our society but more and more people are living together without getting …
Abstract: Insider trading remains one of the most persistent threats to fairness and investor confidence in Securities Market in India. In recent years, there is growing participation of retail investors in securities trading and detecting insider trading is harder. In such increasing complexity of trade practices, a regulatory body is essential to look after it. …
ABSTRACT The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO Act) was enacted for safeguarding children from sexual exploitation and abuse through a comprehensive legal framework. By defining child as a person below eighteen years of age and rendering their consent legally irrelevant thus the Act uses a strict protective approach for safeguarding child …
2026 INSC 506 | Suo Motu Writ Petition (Civil) No. 5 of 2025 Supreme Court | Decided: 19.05.2026 FACTS On July 26, 2025, a six-year-old girl died from rabies after being bitten by a dog. Her tragic death was reported in the Times of India, which led to a Suo motu cognizance taken by the …
ABSTRACT: Judicial independence lies at the heart of a well-functioning judiciary and is the cornerstone of a democratic, market-based society based on the rule of law.[1] This paper examines the constitutional and institutional dimensions of the Supreme Court’s judgment in Madras Bar Association v. Union of India in 2025, where the court struck down a …
Striking Down the Key Provisions of the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021 Read More »
ABSTRACT The new legislative framework Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (hereinafter BNSS) which came into force on 1st July 2023, introduced Section 187[1] which is a restructured version of section 167[2] of Code of Civil Procedure, 1967 (hereinafter CrPC). The restructuring led to the extension of remand period in police custody from 15 to 40-60 days. …
ABSTRACT India’s digital economy is booming, but there’s a hidden cost to this success story that we are just starting to wake up to. We are seeing a wave of “killer acquisitions” – a strategy where big tech companies buy out small startups just to shut them down. It sounds counter-intuitive: why buy something if …
ABSTRACT Social media has become an important part of everyday life. The rapid growth of social media has transformed the advertising landscape in India, giving rise to influencer marketing as a powerful promotional tool. Platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook have created a new form of advertising known as influencer marketing. Influencers through their …
Regulating Influencer Advertising in India: A Consumer Protection Analysis Read More »
ABSTRACT This paper examines the legal and human rights concerns in the use of isolation measures in Indian prisons, including protective custody, separate confinement, segregation, and security detention. While prison authorities frequently justify such separation on grounds of discipline, safety, vulnerability, death-row management, or institutional order, the psychological consequences of prolonged social isolation raise a …
Abstract This research tries to examine the evidentiary value of secretly recorded call conversations in disputes, with a special reference to the Hon’ble Supreme Court judgment about the case Vibhor Garg v. Neha. The study analyses the budding relevance of electronic evidence in present day judicial proceedings and about the challenges legally associated with its …
Examining the Value of Secretly Recorded Calls as Evidence in Matrimonial Disputes Read More »
Abstract Dowry was the practice performed in ancient India where the family of both party exchange gifts from each other willingly and was termed as Vara Dakshina, but now it has become a necessary evil practice where the parents of brides are sipped in along with it women are harassed for dowry even they are …
Court: The Supreme Court of India Citation: Suo Motu Writ Petition (Criminal) No.2 of 2025 Bench: Division Bench led by Chief Justice B.R. Gavai and Justices K.V. Chandran and N.V. Anjaria. Date of Judgment: October 31st, 2025 Introduction: This case comment examines the Supreme Court’s judgment in Suo Motu Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 2 of …
EMPLOYEES FROM AFTER-HOURS WORK DEMANDS ABSTRACT The nature of work has shifted considerably over the past two decades. With smartphones, laptops and constant messaging, the divide that once separated office hours from personal time has all but disappeared. It has become routine for employees to answer work messages well into the night, take calls over …
RIGHT TO DISCONNECT: EMERGING LEGISLATION PROTECTING Read More »
ABSTRACT The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, came into existence to help put together the insolvency life cycle in India, which was highly fragmented and came up with a time-bound system that was creditor-friendly and is expected to facilitate value maximization and better credit discipline. The paper critically assesses the structural, economic and jurisprudential implications …
INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE: IMPACT AND ANALYSIS Read More »
ABSTRACT The use of Artificial Intelligence technologies is increasing in businesses and law. This has created challenges. One big question is whether contracts made, negotiated or carried out with AI are legally valid in India. The Indian Contract Act of 1872 is the law for contracts in India. It was made at a time when …
AI-GENERATED CONTRACTS — VALIDITY, CONSENT, AND LIABILITY IN INDIAN LAW Read More »
ABSTRACT The Article below is research on the contrast of the emergence, scope and use of the concept of judicial review in the United States of America, France and India. The judicial review is a critical factor in democratic government. The individuality of a judicial system to decide whether the activities of the legislative and …
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WORKING OF LAW RELATING TO CORPORATE FRAUD IN INDIA Read More »
ABSTRACT The swift development of artificial intelligence (AI) has greatly amplified the dependence on itemized information on scale data training and optimization, which is often obtained across various jurisdictions by automated data gathering. The practice presents intricate legal issues that touch on the intersection of the law of data protection, cross-border data governance, and intellectual …
Abstract: We are living in the era of dynamic development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Our lifestyle is changing significantly because of it. A coin has two sides, just like that AI also has positive and negative impacts. Due to development of AI cybercrimes is also rising significantly, out of which deepfakes is one. Deepfakes have …
1. ABSTRACT The “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016” (IBC), has emerged as a radical change in field of law in India’s business entities restructuring. In the origin of a sequence they are issued as debt instruments but must later be converted into equity shares. In the ongoing circumstances the CCDs are considered ambiguous instruments playing …
1. ABSTRACT The “Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016” (IBC), has emerged as a radical change in field of law in India’s business entities restructuring. In the origin of a sequence they are issued as debt instruments but must later be converted into equity shares. In the ongoing circumstances the CCDs are considered ambiguous instruments playing …
Abstract The Article below is research on the contrast of the emergence, scope and use of the concept of judicial review in the United States of America, France and India. The judicial review is a critical factor in democratic government. The individuality of a judicial system to decide whether the activities of the legislative and …
Abstract The threat of cyber terrorism against public organizations displays a diverse range of threats through data theft and infrastructure ruin alongside service disruption attacks, malicious software lockups and digital deceitful dissemination operations and information theft operations. The main targets of cyber terrorist attacks include government departments, military institutions, law enforcement agencies, healthcare services, educational …
Abstract Digital platforms have witnessed unprecedented transformation over the years and now become a necessity for people to interact and share information. Gone are the days of simply connecting over the phone; they are now connected through various social media sites, forums on the internet, blogs, and instant messaging services. This connectivity has the advantage …
Cyber Harassment and Defamation Against Women: Legal Challenges Read More »
Prabhanshu Kushwah, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior. Abstract The expansion of India’s internet, digital platforms and Internet of Things (IOT) has contributed to a significant increase in online scams and cyber frauds. As more and more people are using online financial and communication tools, and online shopping, fraudsters are …
Radhika Bohare, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Dr. Arun Sharma, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Abstract The acceleration of the digital technologies has promoted the issue of the data privacy and safety to a high level, especially among the IT corporations that handle great …
Khushi Jain, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Arun Sharma, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Abstract: – Digital technology and the internet have revolutionized the creation, sharing and access to IP in today’s society. Each of these advances has occurred in a period when the …
AI IN IP INFRINGMENT DETECTION & PREVENTION: LEGAL & ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE Read More »
ABSTRACTRecognizing privacy as a fundamental right in K.S. Puttaswamy, the Supreme Court, the DPDP Act aims to be the primary regulation governing digital personal data in India. Union of India (published in 2017). This work is a constitutional analysis of the DPDP Act, an overview of the evolution of privacy law in India, an explanation …
THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY ANALYSIS Read More »
Aakansha Sharma, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Arun Sharma, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Abstract: – International arbitration is one of the preferred methods of dispute resolution in today’s international economy in resolving cross-border commercial disputes. International trade, investment and business transactions have progressed …
_____________________________________________________________ Abstract In the wake of the advent of artificial intelligence, this paper analyzes the legal terrain of intellectual property in India. In India, generally, a registered inventor or author can only be a natural person. However, with the increasing autonomy of AI, ownership and patentability issues arise. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a …
Somya Rajawat, Student of LLM, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh,, Gwalior, somyarajawat30@gmail.com Hemant Singh, Associate Professor, Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, hemantsingh.nlu@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-5187 Abstract This paper discusses the question of cartelization in the Competition Act, 2002, and the role and powers of Competition Commission of India (CCI). The purpose of …
ABSTRACT: The swift digitalization of the marine sector has exposed it to previously unheard-of cyberthreats that jeopardize the security, safety, and functionality of ports and ships. Cyber events have the power to halt international trade, from ransomware assaults and GPS spoofing to the interruption of port logistics. The international legal system is still undeveloped and …
A Critical Examination of the Legal Framework and Protective Institutions in India I. INTRODUCTION The custodial environment represents one of the most critical tests of a democratic state’s fidelity to its own foundational values. When the state deprives an individual of liberty through arrest, remand, or a sentence of imprisonment, it assumes a relationship of …
HUMAN RIGHTS IN CUSTODY: INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR OVERSIGHT Read More »
ABSTRACT: The primary objective of ‘Law’ is to maintain Peace, harmony, and social order. The ancient Greek philosopher, also known as the first Academician, Aristotle wisely stated, “Man, when perfected, is the best of animals.” He also noted that, humans could become the worst of creatures without law and justice. When combined with intelligence and …
Roza KhanMaster’s in Law, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya PradeshDr. Vartika Saxena Assistant Professor (Department of Law), Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh ABSTRACT- Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes, especially hybrid methods, are becoming increasingly popular because of the growing complexity of commercial disputes and the need for efficient resolution. Among these hybrid methods, …
Abstract Historically, the Mitakshara school of Hindu law recognised only male lineal descendants as coparceners, not including daughters from claiming an independent birth right in ancestral property. The Hindu Succession Act, 1956, initially preserved this patriarchal framework. However, the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, changed this gender inequality by amending Section 6 of Hindu …
ABSTRACT Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) remains one of the most pervasive and devastating consequences of armed conflicts worldwide. It encompasses acts such as rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, and other forms of sexualized abuse deliberately used as tools of war. While international and domestic legal frameworks have made progress in recognizing CRSV as a war …
1. ABSTRACT The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has ushered in a new and complex era of digital threats, with deepfakes emerging as a particularly potent and legally challenging weapon. Deepfakes, which are altered fake contents made by mixing, superimposing, replacing, and merging several photos, videos, or …
Abstract The Indian legal system has mainly neglected to acknowledge the copyright rights of authors who are detained, despite the fact that intellectual creativity does not recognise the bounds of a prison cell. This study examines the protection provided by the Copyright Act of 1957 and related legal documents for literary and artistic works created …
ABSTRACT: The swift digitalization of the marine sector has exposed it to previously unheard-of cyberthreats that jeopardize the security, safety, and functionality of ports and ships. Cyber events have the power to halt international trade, from ransomware assaults and GPS spoofing to the interruption of port logistics. The international legal system is still undeveloped and …
A Critical Examination of the Legal Framework and Protective Institutions in India I. INTRODUCTION The custodial environment represents one of the most critical tests of a democratic state’s fidelity to its own foundational values. When the state deprives an individual of liberty through arrest, remand, or a sentence of imprisonment, it assumes a relationship of …
HUMAN RIGHTS IN CUSTODY: INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR OVERSIGHT Read More »
ABSTRACT: The primary objective of ‘Law’ is to maintain Peace, harmony, and social order. The ancient Greek philosopher, also known as the first Academician, Aristotle wisely stated, “Man, when perfected, is the best of animals.” He also noted that, humans could become the worst of creatures without law and justice. When combined with intelligence and …
ABSTRACT This paper examines the phenomenon of false confessions during juvenile interrogations and highlights the critical role that forensic psychology plays in understanding and preventing such miscarriages of justice. Juveniles—due to their psychological immaturity and underdeveloped prefrontal cortex—are particularly susceptible to coercive interrogation tactics and psychological pressure. By analyzing real-life cases such as those …
False Confession in Juvenile Interrogation: Role of Forensic Psychology Read More »
Abstract In the present paper, the effectiveness of India’s CSR framework as stipulated under section 135 of the Companies Act of 2013 is evaluated and analysed to see if it amounts to mandatory philanthropy or a means of strategic business. Starting with an overview of the evolution of the CSR concept in India, the paper …
Corporate Social Responsibility Regulation: A Comparative Study with Reference to India Read More »
ABSTRACT The Supreme Court of India’s suo moto intervention concerning stray dogs in Delhi, NCR, and other urban centers has triggered one of the most debated issues in animal law, public health, and urban governance. Initiated following the tragic death of a six-year-old girl from rabies,[1] The Court initially ordered the removal of all stray …
PAWS-ITIVELY PROGRESSIVE: THE STRAY DOGS NOW OFFICIALLY INDIA’S MOST PAMPERED CITIZENS.. Read More »