Case Number: Civil Appeal No. 2368 of 2011 Decided: May 10, 2019 Decided in: Hon’ble Supreme Court of India Citation: AIR 2019 SC 2723 Parties: BK Pavitra and Ors. vs Union of India, the State of Karnataka. Introduction: The government of Karnataka in 2002 enacted a legislation which granted consequential seniority to Schedule Class and …
Citation: (2025) INSC 845 Court: Supreme Court of India Bench: Vikram Nath, Sanjay Karol, and Sandeep Mehta, JJ. Date of Judgment: July 15, 2025 A horrific double murder occurred in the vicinity of Suruli Falls, Tamil Nadu, in May 2011. The woman had also been sexually assaulted, and the victims were a pair. Because of …
CASE COMMENT: KATTAVELLAI @ DEEVAKAR v. STATE OF TAMIL NADU, (2025) INSC 845 Read More »
Court: Supreme Court of India, Court No. 1Citation: SLPC 16864/2021Judges: Hon’ble CJI D Y Chandrachud, Hon’ble Justice J.B. Pardiwala 1. Facts The petitioner in the above case, Shalini Dharmani (further referred to as the petitioner), is an assistant professor at the Department of Geography in Government College, Nalagarh. The petitioner has a 14-year-old son who …
Shalini Dharmani v. State of Himachal Pradesh & Ors, (2024) Read More »
Citation: W.P. (Crl) No. 314/2021, (2021) 10 SCC 1 Court: Supreme Court of India Bench: Hima Kohli, Surya Kant, N.V.Ramana Date of Judgment: 27th October, 2021 Facts The Pegasus case originated as a worldwide collaborative investigation by global media organisations and by Amnesty International in July 2021, called the “Pegasus Project” collectively. The investigation also …
Case Comment: Manohar Lal Sharma V. Union Of India (Pegasus Case) 2021 Read More »
Facts: Petitioner: The Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Company Limited (insurer) Respondents: R1: Smt. Honamma (wife of deceased), R2: Kum. Bhagya and R3 Kum. Ramya (daughters of the deceased), R4: Sri H. Nagaraja (owner of tractor and trailer; policyholder) Appeal against Respondent No. 5, Sri Keernaik (driver) previously dismissed under Supreme Court order dated 20 February, …
Citation: Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd. v. Cyrus Invs. Pvt. Ltd., Civil Appeal Nos. 440–441 of 2020 (India Sup. Ct. Mar. 26, 2021).Date of Judgment: March 26, 2021Bench: Hon’ble Justices S.A. Bobde (CJI), A.S. Bopanna & V. Ramasubramanian INTRODUCTION The landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India in Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd. v. Cyrus Investments …
CASE COMMENT: Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd. v. Cyrus Investments Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. (2021) Read More »
Abstract Increasing urban development has caused light pollution to be a growing concern in India. It affects the health of humans, flora and fauna. The skyglow phenomenon actively hinders astronomical pursuits. However this issue is not well known, and the Indian Judiciary has started to take cognizance of it. This paper examines regulations relating to …
The Light Pollution Policy Gap in India – An Overview Read More »
Abstract The purpose of this research is to understand the growing threat of cyber violence against women in India, with a focus on deepfakes, revenge porn, stalking, etc. These acts are often targeted towards women online, and can lead to mental health deterioration, psychological harm, and even reputational harm. While laws mentioned in Bharatiya Nyaya …
Abstract The rapidly evolving technological world poses a risk, and the concept of quantum computing is no longer a science fiction concept; in reality, it is transforming into a transformative reality. It no doubt promises and vows to revolutionise fields like medicine, climate science and artificial intelligence, the most posing risk it imposes on the …
“Privacy In The Age OF Quantum Computing: Will Encryption Survive?” Read More »
ABSTRACT In the age of digital transformation, the Indian Corporations are using data-driven technology more and more, which leads to huge amount of sensitive and personal information. Data breaches have increased as a result of the incredible development in data collection, which has raised questions about the Consumer Protection and corporate responsibility. In order to …
ABSTRACT The exponential rise in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has compelled Indian companies to align their corporate strategies with sustainability objectives. As of early 2024, ESG-focused mutual funds in India manage assets worth over ₹12,300 crore, reflecting the growing investor shift toward ethical portfolios. However, this surge in ESG disclosures has also led …
Abstract: In an era where technological advances have taken over almost all aspects of man and the society, it is crucial that everyone understand the trends of how crimes have modified from causing physical harms to abusing financial systems and institutions through acts of cheating, deception, dishonesty and theft. These offenses, also known as Economic …
Bench: Justice Vikram Nath, Justice Sandeep MehtaDate of judgment: 7th March, 2025Parties:Appellant(s)– Gyanendra Singh (alias Raja Singh)Respondent(s)– State of U.P. Facts: Before the Incident The Allegation After the Incident At first, Smt. Rajani did not want to go back to her marital home because she was scared. But in the end, she found the courage …
Abstract In India, smart devices like fitness bands, smart speakers (like Amazon Alexa), and smartphones are now widely used in homes and offices. These gadgets are made to hear, gather, and save user information. A smart speaker, for instance, may record conversations even when not in use, which raises questions about ongoing, covert surveillance. This …
Silent Surveillance: Are Smart Devices Violating Right to Privacy in India? Read More »
FACTS The Victim & Accident On October 18, 2007, a careless tractor-truck driver struck a motorcycle carrying 12-year-old Kajal as a passenger. She was deemed completely disabled, had irreversible paraplegia, and suffered catastrophic brain damage. Lower Awards & Claim Her father made a claim in accordance with Motor Vehicles Act Section 166: The insurer subsequently …
KAJAL V JAGDISH CHAND : A New Dawn For Disabled Victims in Indian Jurisprudence Read More »
Abstract: Criminology, the study of crime and criminal behavior, is intrinsically linked to society. It examines how societal factors influence crime, how crime impacts society and how society responds to crime through its law, enforcement and correctional systems. Criminology seeks to understand the root causes of crime, develop strategies for crime prevention, and improve …
Title: Criminology and the society; Understanding the Society’s Influence on crime. Read More »
ABSTRACT As India’s democracy has grown, the rights of marginalised and minority groups have started to be given the same weight as those of the majority. Despite being frequently treated as separate concepts, moral and legal standards have historically overlapped in intricate and occasionally contradictory ways. While morality, particularly public or popular morality, is frequently …
“BETWEEN GAVEL AND GOSPEL : Decoding the clash of Constitutional and Popular Morality” Read More »
CASE COMMENTARY ANUN DHAWAN & ORS. ………………PETITIONERS V. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. …….………… RESPONDENTS (2024) ABOUT THE CASE: Case Title: Anun Dhawan & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors. Citation: (2024) 2 S.C.R. 812: 2024 INSC 136 Quorum: Honorable Justice Pankaj Mithal, Honorable Justice Bela …
Citation : 2024 INSC 831 Date of judgment : 5 November 2024 Court : Supreme Court Of India Petitioner : Anjum Kadari & Anr Respondent : Union of …
Case Comment Anjum Kadari & Anr Union of India & Ors Read More »
CASE DETAILS Judgement Date: 9th September 2024 Court: Supreme Court of India Appellant: Abhishek Banerjee Bench: J. Bela M.Trivedi, J. Satish Chandra Sharma INTRODUCTION The Abhishek Banerjee Vs Directorate Of Enforcement gives a dynamic perspective about the use of Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) while marking its significance under the impositions and restrictions …
ABHISHEK BANERJEE VS DIRECTORATE OF ENFORCEMENT 2024 Read More »
Case Title Jaggo V. Union of India (2024 INSC 1034) Court Supreme Court of India Date of Judgement 20th December 2024 Bench HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE VIKRAM NATH, HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE PRASANNA B. VARALE Petitioner Jaggo Respondent Union of India Facts of the Case The case involved four individuals who had been working for the Central …
Abstract: In today’s era, nothing is possible without the Internet. Even for the smallest things, we need the internet, but do we know what its pros and cons are? The Internet has led to a trend of online gambling; it has become a source of entertainment and is even rising at a global level. In …
TITLE: A STUDY ON ONLINE GAMBLING: LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT Read More »
ABSTRACT The sudden rise in artificial intelligence’s content-producing powers has transformed how we create and consume content, and from a legal context, this presents a unique dilemma in evidence presentation. AI-generated products like deepfakes, audio files, and machine-generated texts can replicate real human-created evidence. This paper explores whether such evidence can be considered admissible under …
CAN AI-GENERATED EVIDENCE BE ADMISSIBLE UNDER INDIAN LAW? Read More »
This paper aims at exploring the consequences of armed conflict in war affected regions post 2020 are gendered, with a special focus on the worst affected areas of Afghanistan, Ukraine and Gaza. Women and girls are known to be affected disproportionately during conflict and are often the first casualties of war. They have a lot …
ABSTRACT The recent cases committed especially against women makes one ponder why the rarest of rare crimes have become so common. With the growing rate of crime these days, and the media trial of such cases even before these go to courts, especially of the elite classes, makes one think of what constitutes the ‘rarest …
ABSTRACT In the last ten years, Indian courts have started recognizing parts of nature—like rivers, forests, animals, and even “Mother Nature”—as legal persons. This means they are given rights and responsibilities like a human or a company. This paper looks at the idea of giving nature legal rights. It studies important court decisions, laws, and …
TITLE:- Environmental Personhood in India: Can Forests or Rivers Hold Legal Rights? Read More »
ABSTRACT The Indian Constitution is a living document that is constantly changing and evolving with social and political life. This research paper studies the idea of judicial interpretation of constitutional flexibility through landmark cases such as Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) and S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994). It also talks about …
INTRODUCTION: The Supreme Court’s decision in Mineral Area Development Authority v. Steel Authority of India Ltd. (2024) & SCC 1, represents a landmark constitutional adjudication that fundamentally reshapes India’s mining taxation landscape. This nine-judge Constitution Bench ruling delivered by an 8:1 majority addresses a decade-old question relating to the federal distribution of the taxation powers …
ABSTRACT In the present research paper, established-procedure barriers being the causative factor for man-made delays in civil and criminal litigations have come under questioning investigation and stern examples cited are multi-generational litigations regarding property rights and the notorious 72-year-old Berhampur Bank case[1]. It reveals to what level new juridical developments, i.e., Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), …
FAIRNESS OR FRUSTRATION? EVALUATING PROCEDURAL BOTTLENECKS IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM. Read More »
Keywords Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is almost redrawing the boundaries of creativity and ownership in the era of the digital age. As AI technologies are increasingly generating works of art, musical pieces, logos, and literary works, conventional Intellectual Property (IP) paradigms—deliberately designed with human creators in mind—are being pushed to their limits. This research explores …
Reimagining IP Law in the AI Era: Legal Challenges and the Ghibli Art Controversy Read More »
The untimely demise of Bollywood star Sushant Singh Rajput (SSR) on June 14, 2020, triggered massive media attention and convoluted legal matters. Starting as a police investigation into an alleged suicide, the case soon assumed the form of a jurisdictional and political battle between two states—Maharashtra and Bihar—joined by central agencies of investigation later. The …
Court: Supreme Court of India Bench: Hon’ble Mr. Justice Abhay s. Oka, Hon’ble Mr. Justice Sanjay Karol Date of Judgment: 19 October 2023 Citation: Criminal Appeal No. 1730 of 2012 Background: The case of Indrakunwar vs. State of Chhattisgarh arose out of a complex intersection of societal prejudice, procedural oversight, and lack of scientific investigation. …
Case Comment: Indrakunwar v. State of Chhattisgarh (2023) Read More »
1. Abstract: Let’s be real Nirav Modi and Vijay Mallya aren’t just names that pop up in news tickers; they’re practically poster figures for everything that’s gone sideways with India’s banking and regulatory circus. Modi cooked up this wild ₹14,000 crore scam using fake Letters of Undertaking from Punjab National Bank. Like, how does that …
Nirav Modi & Vijay Mallya Cases: Lessons for Indian Regulatory Mechanisms Read More »
Facts: The appellants, Ravinder Kaur Grewal and others, claimed ownership and possession of a property based on adverse possession. They asserted that they have been in continuous, uninterrupted, and exclusive possession for over 50 years. A suit was filed under Article 65 of the Limitations Act, 1963, seeking declaration of ownership based on such possession. …
Ravinder Kaur Grewal & Ors. vs Manjit Kaur & Ors. 2019 8 SCC 729 Read More »
Title Evolution of Hindu Joint Family system and intestate succession with the persistence of patriarchal norms in Hindu Succession Act and Mitakshara law Abstract This paper examines the evolution of Hindu property inheritance laws and how patriarchal norms continue to persist despite statutory reforms. With a special focus on the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 and …
INTRODUCTION: According Article 142 of the ‘Indian Constitution’ empowers the apex court i.e Supreme Court to administer complete justice in any matter. Concurrently, Section 5 of the ‘Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996’ lays down that the court should refrain from interference unless permitted by the Act. This provision is designed to protect the autonomy and …
Understanding the case of ‘Gayatri Balasamy vs ISG Novasoft Technologies Limited'[1] Read More »
Citation: Civil Appeal No. 1598 of 2023 Court: Supreme Court of IndiaBench: Justice Vikram NathDate of Judgment: November 1, 2023 FACTS ISSUES RAISED CONTENTION Appellant’s Contention The appellant (Shakeel Ahmed) presented three main arguments: Respondent’s Contention The respondent (Syed Akhlaq Hussain) advanced two primary arguments: RATIONALE The supreme Court primarily found that the statutory provisions governing property …
Groups Abstract The law presents itself as an unbiased framework of justice, which persistently regulates as a medium that strengthens and legitimizes existing social hierarchies disguised as impartial procedural decorum. Equality under the law is essential to keeping democracy meaningful for everyone, not just the privileged. When our legal systems make sure everyone gets fair …
Codified Disparity: Empirical Study of Legal Frameworks on Marginalized Read More »
Name: Shivangi Kumari Institute: Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law Year: 3rd year (Vth Semester) Email-Id: chaturvedishivangi80@gmail.com ABSTRACT: The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern legal systems brings not only innovation but also deep confusion about fundamental concepts of criminal law. One of the most critical concerns is the idea of mens rea (guilty …
TOPIC: Artificial Intelligence and the Death of Mens Rea: A Legal Dilemma. Read More »
Right in Law, Denied in Reality: A Socio-Legal Study on the Non-Implementation of Daughters’ Coparcenary Rights in India ABSTRACT The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act of 2005 shifted the perspective of inheritance law by granting daughters equal holding in coparcenary rights, thereby tearing down a time-honored and unjust system of inheritance rights. While this change was …
Case Title: Rahul Gandhi v. Purnesh Ishwerbhai Modi Citation: 2023 (SC) 598 Court: Honourable Supreme Court of India Date of Final Judgment: August 4th, 2023 Bench: 3 Judge Bench, (Justice Sanjay Kumar, Justice P.S. Narasimha and Justice B.R. Gavai) Legal Domains: Criminal law Defamation, Constitutional law Freedom of speech, Electoral law Disqualification of Members of …
CASE COMMENT Case Title: Rahul Gandhi v. Purnesh Ishwerbhai Modi Read More »
2.1-> Introduction………………………………………………………3 2.2-> Literature Review…………………………………………………3 2.3-> Objectives of Research……………………………………………5 2.4-> Scope and Limitations……………………………………………6 2.5-> Research Methodology……………………………………………8 2.6-> Sources of Data……………………………………………………8 3.1-> ADR framework in India………………………….……………10 3.2-> ADR framework in Singapore………………………………….12 3.3-> ADR framework in the UK……………………………………..13 3.4-> ADR framework in the USA……………………………………14 3.5-> Suggestions………………………………………………………15 3.6-> Conclusion………………………………………………………16 The evolution of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (hereinafter referred …
All India Judges Association v. Union of India (2025): Bridging the Gap or Building Barriers ABSTRACT: In the judgement of All India Judges Association versus Union of India, 2025[1] benched by honorable Chief Justice B.R.Gavai, Justice Augustine George Masih and Justice K. Vinod Chandranon May 20th 2025 marked a pivotal moment in Judicial reform restoring …
Court– supreme court of India (civil original Jurisdiction ) Bench – N.V. Ramana , R. Subhas Reddy and B.R. Gavai. JJ. Citation – AIR 2020 SC 1308, para 20 Date of Judgement – 10th January 2020 1. Facts of the Case The Indian government’s Ministry of Home Affairs issued an order for a total communication …
Name of case – Anuradha Bhasin V. Union of India, 2020 Read More »
ABSTRACT The mental health of the accused is a crucial yet often neglected aspect of the criminal justice system. Ensuring a fair trial and humane treatment for individuals suffering from mental illness is not only a legal obligation but also a moral imperative rooted in the right to life and dignity under article 21 of …
TOPIC: CRPC AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE ACCUSED- IDENTIFYING AND ADDRESSING PROCEDURAL GAPS Read More »
FACTS In this issue, the Tamil Nadu government and the governor are at odds over the governor’s decision to not sign off on ten bills that the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly had enacted. Several significant laws addressing a range of public issues were passed by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly following the proper legislative process. …
CASE – State of Tamil Nadu v. Governor of Tamil Nadu (2025 INSC 481) Read More »
ABSTRACT With the goal of strengthening regulatory frameworks, port development, and coastline management in India, the Indian Ports Bill, 2025, aims to modernise and replace the Indian Ports Act, 1908. This essay analyses the Bill’s main provisions, including the creation of the Maritime State Development Council, the creation of a National Perspective Plan, and the …
An Analysis of the Indian Ports Bill, 2025: Revolutionising Maritime Governance in India Read More »
Abstract The judicial system of India is burdened by an extreme number of pending cases; there are around one hundred eighty-two thousand (182,000) cases pending for over 30 years.[1] This traditional legal framework, burdened by the pendency of cases, is witnessing the rise of an alternate pathway, which is more cost-effective and faster. Online Dispute …
Towards Digital Justice: Examining the rise of online dispute resolution (ODR) in India Read More »
FACTS OF THE CASE ISSUES RAISED 1. Whether mere possession or viewing of child sexual exploitative and abuse material (CSEAM) without the intention to transmit, publish, or share it constitutes an offence under Section 15 of the POCSO Act? 2. Whether Section 67B of the Information Technology Act, 2000, which criminalizes publishing or transmitting child …
ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of menstrual leave policy on health equity, gender equality, and employment market inclusion from the perspective of Indian labour laws. It determines whether such provisions constitute a step in the direction of labour reform or might instead reinforce stereotypes based on gender, which would hinder women’s career success in …
Abstract: Despite being a fundamental pillar of procedural justice, the system of personal sureties in India’s bail jurisprudence has evolved into an opaque and unregulated mechanism of indirect discrimination. While the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 , envisions surety as a means to ensure compliance with bail conditions, in practice it has spawned an underground …
Title: The Silent Shield: Abuse of Personal Sureties in Indian Bail Jurisprudence Read More »
ABSTRACT Cybercrime refers to the illegal activity or fraud that is done with the help of internet or computers. Cybercrime in the field of banking sector in India is one of the most committed crime, as time is passing and the internet is becoming more popular among the people, and as more people are using …
CASE SUMMARY: Citation: 2022 SSC Online SC 825 Civil Appeal No. 7598 of 2021 Date of Judgement: 11th July 2022 Bench comprises: S.K. Kaul and M.M Sundresh Petitioner: Satendra Kumar Antil Respondent: Central Bureau of Investigation INTRODUCTION The landmark case of Satendra Kumar Antil V. CBI addressed the crucial aspects of Arrest, Bail, and criminal …
1. FACTS The genesis of the current case in history goes back to a chain of Right to Information (RTI) requests made by Subhash Chandra Agrawal, a well-known RTI activist, for information about the working and administration of the Supreme Court of India. Agrawal’s RTIs under the Right to Information Act, 2005,[2] requested access to …
Abstract Equality means everyone is entitled to be treated equally and without discrimination. It is a constitutional right provided under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution[1] which ensures, “equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws.” Women both before and after independence have always been subjected to violence, social exclusion, discrimination, ill-treatment …
Citation: (2023) INSC 1051 Court: Supreme Court of India Counsel for Petitioner: Hiroo Advani, Divyakant Lahoti Counsel for Defendant: Dheeraj Nair Bench: D.Y Chandrachud, Hrishikesh Roy, P.S Narsimha, J.B Pardiwala, Monoj Misra, JJ. Date of Judgment: December 06, 2023 Facts: Issues Raised Contentions Petitioner (Cox and Kings Ltd.) Respondent (SAP SE) Rationale The Supreme Court of …
Case Comment- Cox and Kings Ltd. vs SAP India Pvt Ltd., (2023) Read More »
Case Name: Bloomberg Television Production Services India Pvt. Ltd. & Others v. Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd.,2024 SCC OnLine SC 426 Citation: Civil Appeal No. 4602 of 2024 Decided on: 22nd March 2024 Bench: Before Dr. D Y Chandrachud, C.J. AND J.B.Pardiwala and Manoj Mishra,JJ. FACTS The ex parte injunction was issued without sufficient justification. The …
Title: Kirti & Anr. v. Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. (2021) – Supreme Court of India 1. FACTS On 12th April 2014, a tragic road accident occurred in Delhi at about 7 AM. Vinod and his wife Poonam, a young couple in their late twenties, were riding a motorcycle when they were hit by a Santro …
Abstract Custodial violence is one of the most serious forms of violation of human rights in India. It includes physical and mental torture, unlawful detention, and custodial deaths, which directly violate the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Despite several legal safeguards, the issue remains the same due to weak enforcement, lack of accountability, and …
CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE: ITS IMPACT AND LEGAL REMEDIES Read More »
Citation: C.A. No. 2526/2025 (SC, India). Court: Supreme Court Of India Jurisdiction: Civil Appellate Jurisdiction Appeal Number: Civil Appeal No. 2526 Of 2025 (ARISING OUT OF SLP (CIVIL) No. 20178 OF 2022) Appellant: K. Umadevi Respondent: Government Of Tamil Nadu & Ors. Bench: Justice Abhay S. Oka, Justice Ujjal Bhuyan Date of Judgment: May 23, 2025 …
Case Comment: K. Umadevi vs The Government Of Tamil Nadu Read More »
ABSTRACT Domestic violence is traditionally perceived through a gendered lens, often overlooking the possibility of male victimhood. While protective legal frameworks exist for women, there is a glaring gap when it comes to safeguards for men. This paper explores the legal, social, and psychological challenges faced by male victims of domestic violence in India. Citing …
Men as Victims: Gender Bias and Legal Gaps in Domestic Violence Laws Read More »
ABSTRACT The world of dance and law are highly complex, but still their intersection is underexplored. This research studies the intricate application of intellectual property law on dance, examining the rights of performers and artists in countries like India, USA and Japan. It further analyses case laws that have questioned the copyrights that are available …
COPYRIGHT AND CHOREOGRAPHY: THE INTERSECTION OF DANCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Read More »
FACTS Gender discrimination is still a big problem in India, where women are often treated as less important than men. This case directly relates to that issue, as it deals with the unequal treatment of women in the Indian Army. The matter began in 2003, when Babita Puniya, the woman involved in this case, filed …
THE SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF DEFENCE V. BABITA PUNIYA AND ORS Read More »
ABSTRACT The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021[1] passed by the Indian Parliament, brings a landmark but at the same time a controversial reform in the governance of assisted reproductive technologies. By prohibiting commercial surrogacy and permitting only altruistic surrogacy under highly restrictive conditions, the Act aims to safeguard surrogate mothers from exploitation and to promote ethical …
SURROGACY (REGULATION) ACT, 2021: A STEP FORWARD OR BACKWARD FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS? Read More »