Publications

Abstract Counterfeit currency prosecutions in India often hinge on how courts draw presumptions of fact from possession, conduct, and surrounding circumstances. While the user‑facing title refers to Section 139 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA), that provision actually deals with cross‑examination of a person called to produce a document. The true doctrinal engine for …

The Doctrine of Presumption of Fact in Counterfeit Currency Offences: A Critical Analysis (with reference to Section 114 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 / corresponding provisions under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023) Read More »

ABSTRACT The  Insolvency  and  Bankruptcy  Code,  established  in  2016,  was  created  to  consolidate  the  scattered  insolvency  and  bankruptcy  structure  into  one  unified  legislation.  A  primary  goal  of  this  Code  is  to  protect  creditor  rights  and  interests.  It  was  formulated  to  overcome  the  limitations  and  ineffective  aspects  of  previous  insolvency  regulations  by  departing  from  the  debtor-in-possession  …

INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTANCY CODE IN INDIA: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CORPORTAE RESOLUTION AND RECOVERY Read More »

Abstract The Waqf (Amendment) Act 2025 has a significant role in Indian legal system. It is also known as The Waqf (Amendment) Bill 2025.It becomes a controversial topic In India. This act governs the Waqf property in India. In a literal sense, waqf means detention. It can be said that Waqf is a property that …

The Waqf Law Reform in India: A Study of the 2025 Amendment Act Read More »

ABSTRACT The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) is essentially the present vital advancement in India’s data security scene, meant to safeguard personal data while furthering revolution and ease of business. This research paper carries a comparison between DPDPA and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) looking at the aspects of convergence: consent …

“India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 vs. the GDPR: Divergence, Convergence, and the Future of Cross-Border Data Regulation” Read More »

Abstract – This research paper investigate the complicated relationship between the waqf a significant Islamic social religious endowment government by specific Indian law and the proposed uniform civil code (Article-44)which aims for a common set of personal laws across all citizens .The key differences is  that the waqf is a religious practice within a specific …

TITLE- THE WAQF AND THE UCC: RECONCILING MINORITY RIGHTS WITH CONSTITUTIONAL UNIFORMITY IN INDIA.  Read More »

Abstract Digital technologies have transformed nearly every aspect of criminal justice, particularly sentencing and correctional practices. This paper examines the “digital prison” concept, a form of surveillance-based punishment featuring electronic monitoring, predictive analytics, and algorithmic decision-making to supplement or replace actual time in jail. The analysis of this paper is on critically examining technologies used …

Digital Jails and the Technology Monitoring in Sentencing: Modifying Current Imprisonment Read More »

1. Abstract The system of Indian Income Tax is going through fundamental change from traditional face to face to the blend of modernization and technology, along with digitalization of public services. This shift of offline to online mode is due to adoption of some global practices where foreign countries used digitalization along with automation to …

Dispute Management under Income Tax Law in the Age of Algorithmic Governance: A Critical Study of Digitalization, Taxpayers Rights and Institutional Challenge in India Read More »

ABSTARCT In the recent decade, there have been a rapid growth in the civil aviation sector which is very evident from the percentage growth in the air traffic where we see a rising concern over the adequacy of the protection  of the passengers from the injury and death caused to them during the travel. This …

Liability of Airlines in Cases of Passenger Injury or Death: A Comparative Study under the Montreal Convention and Indian Law Read More »

ABSTRACT  With the growing reliance on digital platforms in India, incidents of cyberbullying have increased sharply, particularly among young users. It’s an online abuse, especially among the youth, with severe mental, emotional, and social consequences. Despite the rising number of cases, cyberbullying remains a hidden crime and underreported crime. The absence of a specific law …

CYBERBULLYING IN INDIA: A HIDDEN CRIME AND GAPS IN LEGAL PROTECTION  Read More »

Abstract: In today’s digital economy, personal data stands as a pivotal asset with substantial economic and strategic value. Yet, in India, individuals lack legally recognized ownership over this critical resource. This paper advocates for the treatment of personal data as a proprietary right, proposing that individuals be vested with tangible legal entitlements over the data …

Personal data as property : A case for data ownership rights in India. Read More »

Abstract Several countries across the globe have already recognised The Right To Be Forgotten (RTBF) in their data protection frameworks, however, one area in which India has been missing is that there exists no explicit statutory right of recognition. For instance, this issue should ideally be addressed by means of a comprehensive legislative provision instead of disconnected …

Right to Be Forgotten in India: A Missing Piece in the Personal Data Protection Puzzle Read More »

                       ABSTRACT The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) is the novel legislation that replaces the Indian Evidence Act of 1872 from the colonial rule regarding electronic evidence within the legal landscape of India. It points to the enhanced reliance on such certificates as authentication, technological safeguards beyond these and presumed mechanisms thereof in this new …

RESEARCH PAPER ADMISSIBLITY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE Read More »

NAME- BISWAJIT DASH BRANCH- BBA-LLB SUBMITTED TO-   THE AMIKUS QRIAE ABSTRACT:  The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 is a major reform of India’s criminal justice system, aimed at updating and streamlining the legal framework to address current concerns. This study investigates the convergence of the BNS 2023 and the fast-changing technological world, with a special …

TOPIC:EXPLORING BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA AND THE NEW TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE Read More »

ABSTRACT This research paper explores the challenges posed by deep fakes and delves into the existing legalities that respond to their implications in defamation, political misinformation, and consent. Deep fakes refer to fake/ synthetic media created using artificial intelligence and machines that look realistic but are fake images, audio, and videos. Just like the two …

DEEP FAKES AND THE LAW: ANALYSIS OF HOW CURRENT LAWS HANDLE DEEP FAKES IN DEFAMATION, POLITICAL MISINFORMATION, OR CONSENT Read More »

Abstract  This paper delves into a critical examination of the marital remedy of restation of conjugal rights as enshrined in section 9 of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955, tracing its historical context. It also provides an analysis of its evolution. It highlights the debate over whether personal laws are covered under Article 13. It further …

Revisiting Section 9: Gender, Constitutionality, and Reform in Indian Matrimonial Law Read More »

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER Introduction 3 Historical background 4 National Perspective 5 Public Perceptions of Stampede-Like Situations: Experiences, Safety Concerns, and Accountability. 7 Global Perspective 11 Social Impact 14 Policy Reforms in India 18 Methodology 19 Conclusion 20 References 20 ABBREVIATIONS AIArtificial IntelligenceBNSBharatiya Nyaya SanhitaCAGComptroller and Auditor GeneralCEDAWConvention on the Elimination …

WHEN PUBLIC SAFETY FAILS: STAMPEDES AS A BREACH OF THE RIGHT TO LIFE AND EQUALITY UNDER THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION Read More »

Abstract The concept of “Waqf” has been developed in Islam. The literal meaning of Waqf is detention and stoppage but in technical sense Waqf denotes dedicating some movable or immovable properties for the religious purpose in perpetuity. These Waqf properties are managed by The Waqf Board which plays an important role in protecting the properties …

The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025- An analysis of its impact in India Read More »

Abstract This paper discusses about the new emerging Advocate Protection Act, its key features and over this “The Need For Advocate Protection Act” in detail. As in this current society, where the crime rate is increasing day by day, the importance of Advocates are also increasing. At the same time attacks towards the advocates creating …

NEED FOR ADVOCATE PROTECTION ACT Read More »

This report critically examines the evolving part of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within transnational arbitration, a field decreasingly embracing technological advancements for enhanced effectiveness and cost- effectiveness. It explores current AI operations, similar as document analysis, textbook drafting, legal exploration, and case operation, pressing their transformative eventuality in streamlining disagreement resolution processes. The report scrutinizes the …

The Rise of AI in International Arbitration: Opportunities and Legal Challenges Read More »

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the reasoning behind the 2023 Supreme Court of India judgement on the judicial acceptance of same sex marriage which has profound consequences for India’s constitutional democracy and social justice. In this case, the Court of Constitution Bench of five judges, ruled with a 5:0 majority that same sex marriages cannot be …

The Supreme Court Verdict on Same-Sex Marriage, 2023: A Critical Constitutional Analysis. Read More »

ABSTRACT The Indian judiciary is acclaimed for its strong constitutional framework and its critical role in upholding democracy. Nonetheless, it is also notorious for inordinate delays and enormous backlogs of cases, over 51 million as of 2024. This research paper explores the underlying causes behind the sluggish speed of justice delivery in India with an …

ACCESSIBILITY TO JUSTICE IN INDIA Read More »

ABSTRACT The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, arrives at a critical juncture as India actively engages in discussions surrounding the Uniform Civil Code (UCC). Religious endowments, particularly Islamic waqfs, are being reassessed within a broader legal framework aimed at uniformity and accountability. This paper critically examines the implications of the 2025 amendment in light of the …

Reforming Religious Endowments under the Shadow of UCC: A Critical Analysis of the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025 Read More »

Abstract Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become central strategies for companies seeking to expand their market presence, achieve operational efficiencies, acquire new technologies, or enter new sectors. Globally, M&A activity reflects broader economic trends such as globalization, technological innovation, and increasing market concentration. In India, these business combinations are subject to regulatory scrutiny to ensure …

Mergers Under the Microscope: Analysing the Role of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) Read More »

ABSTRACT   GBV is a prevalent human rights issue, disproportionately affecting women and girls globally,  regardless of cultural, economic, or social background impacting females across varied societal  contexts. Despite sustained efforts via activism and policy reforms, GBV remains alarmingly  prevalent, reflecting deep-seated inequalities. This research evaluates the effectiveness of legal  measures designed to counter GBV, focusing …

TITLE – Gender-based violence and the effectiveness of legal protections  Read More »

Abstract This research paper scrutinises the effectiveness and role of institutional arbitration in India, predominantly in the background of cross-border commercial disputes. It traces the historical evolution of arbitration in India, highlighting the shift from court-centric litigation to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, with a focus on institutional frameworks such as the Mumbai Centre for International …

Institutional Arbitration in India: Evaluating Effectiveness in Resolution of Cross-Border Commercial Disputes Read More »

Abstract Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms, including Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+ Hotstar, have significantly transformed India’s entertainment and media sector. These platforms have facilitated innovative creative endeavors and expanded global accessibility; however, they have also prompted considerable concerns regarding the absence of regulatory oversight for content. In the absence of traditional censorship frameworks, OTT platforms …

OTT CENSORSHIP AND INDIAN LAW: BALANCING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND REGULATION Read More »

1. ABSTRACT This report critically examines the implementation and impact of time-bound arbitration provisions, specifically Section 29A, introduced by India’s Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Acts of 2015 and 2019. It highlights the legislative intent to expedite dispute resolution and align India with international arbitration standards. The analysis reveals significant successes in reducing arbitral delays, enhancing …

Time-Bound Arbitration Under the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act: A Success Story or a Procedural Pitfall? Read More »

Abstract Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have become great global players with  significant economic and political power, often operating in several jurisdictions at once and  playing a dominant economic and political role. While bringing development and  modernization, numerous ones have come to be associated with human rights violations,  especially where legal mechanisms are weak. The human rights …

Transnational Corporations and Human Rights Obligations  Read More »

Abstract This Article examines the 22 April 2025 Pahalgam massacre—twenty-six civilians targeted and executed after religious identification—as a crucible for India’s constitutional secularism.  It deploys a tripartite methodology: doctrinal analysis of Supreme Court jurisprudence from Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) through In re Pahalgam Terror Attack (2025); comparative study of France’s laïcité model, …

Secularism Under Siege: Judicial, Legislative, and Comparative Responses to the 2025 Pahalgam Massacre in India Read More »

Abstract Data portability—the ability of users to migrate data from one service to another—is increasingly viewed as a possible cure for anticompetitive behavior in digital markets. This paper examines the legal frameworks as well as international approaches carrying data portability through and assesses their effectiveness regarding competition promotion. It discusses the antitrust aspects of data …

Data Portability as a Competition Remedy: Legal Frameworks, Global Approaches, and Antitrust Implications Read More »

TOPIC: The Role of Mental Health in Criminal Liability: Should the Law Be More Lenient? MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR Dehmi Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007. ABSTRACT  Mental illness has emerged as a key topic in criminal justice reform discussions. The interplay between mental illness and criminality poses significant questions regarding culpability and justice. This paper explores …

RESEARCH PAPER The Role of Mental Health in Criminal Liability: Should the Law Be More Lenient? Read More »

Abstract In the digital age, where ideas travel faster than it used to decades before and opinions find global platforms in seconds due to globalisation hitting every corner of the world, the boundaries between free speech and defamation have become increasingly blurred. The road from newspapers and radios being the sole modes of expression to …

Criminal Defamation and Social Media: Conflict Between Reputation and Expression Read More »

Understanding Plea Bargaining as a concept  When breaking down the word “ plea” means “request” and “bargaining” means “negotiation.”; in simple words, it explains a process in which a person who is charged with an offence that is criminal in nature negotiates with prosecution for lesser punishment than what is provided by “law”. It is …

Unequal Bargains? Plea Bargaining and Joint Liability under BNSS Read More »

Abstract The spurt in e-commerce activity in India has transformed the retail market, offering consumers immense convenience and access to products and services of their choice. The expansion has been accompanied by higher online shopping frauds in the form of false websites, counterfeit goods, phishing, and non-delivery. The current paper examines the available legal safeguards …

Title: Legal Protection Against Online Shopping Scams in India Read More »

ABSTRACT  The Telecommunications Act, 2023, marks a pivotal overhaul of India’s regulatory framework governing digital communication. Touted as a progressive step toward enhancing national security and simplifying licensing regimes, the Act has also reignited debates around privacy, surveillance, and freedom of expression. This paper explores the tension between state security imperatives and constitutionally guaranteed civil …

The Telecommunications Act , 2023 – Navigating the thin line between national security and fundamental rights in India Read More »